When a player's hand signal disagrees with their words, the hand signal takes precedence. A hand can "hit" as often as desired until the total is 21 or more.
Players must stand on a total of After a bust or a stand, play proceeds to the next hand clockwise around the table. After the last hand is played, the dealer reveals the hole card and stands or draws according to the game's rules.
When the outcome of the dealer's hand is established, any hands with bets remaining on the table are resolved usually in counterclockwise order ; bets on losing hands are forfeited, the bet on a push is left on the table, and winners are paid out.
If the dealer shows an ace, an "insurance" bet is allowed. Insurance is a side bet that the dealer has a blackjack. The dealer asks for insurance bets before the first player plays. Insurance bets of up to half the player's current bet are placed on the "insurance bar" above the player's cards.
If the dealer has a blackjack, insurance pays 2 to 1. In most casinos, the dealer looks at the down card and pays off or takes the insurance bet immediately.
In other casinos, the payoff waits until the end of the play. In face-down games, if a player has more than one hand, they can look at all their hands before deciding. This is the only condition where a player can look at multiple hands. Players with blackjack can also take insurance.
When this happens, it is called 'even money,' as the player is giving up their payout for a payout when taking insurance with a blackjack, under the condition that they still get paid if the dealer also has a blackjack. Insurance bets lose money in the long run.
The dealer has a blackjack less than one-third of the time. In some games, players can also take insurance when a valued card shows, but the dealer has an ace in the hole less than one-tenth of the time.
The insurance bet is susceptible to advantage play. It is advantageous to make an insurance bet whenever the hole card has more than a one in three chance of being a ten. Card counting techniques can identify such situations. Note: Where changes in the house edge due to changes in the rules are stated in percentage terms, the difference is usually stated here in percentage points , not a percentage.
Blackjack rules are generally set by regulations that establish permissible rule variations at the casino's discretion. Most of the house's edge comes from the fact that the player loses when both the player and dealer bust. The house edge for games where blackjack pays 6 to 5 instead of 3 to 2 increases by about 1.
Player deviations from basic strategy also increase the house edge. Each game has a rule about whether the dealer must hit or stand on soft 17, which is generally printed on the table surface.
The variation where the dealer must hit soft 17 is abbreviated "H17" in blackjack literature, with "S17" used for the stand-on-soft variation. Substituting an "H17" rule with an "S17" rule in a game benefits the player, decreasing the house edge by about 0.
All things being equal, using fewer decks decreases the house edge. This mainly reflects an increased likelihood of player blackjack, since if the player draws a ten on their first card, the subsequent probability of drawing an ace is higher with fewer decks.
It also reflects the decreased likelihood of a blackjack—blackjack push in a game with fewer decks. Casinos generally compensate by tightening other rules in games with fewer decks, to preserve the house edge or discourage play altogether. When offering single-deck blackjack games, casinos are more likely to disallow doubling on soft hands or after splitting, restrict resplitting, require higher minimum bets, and pay the player less than for a winning blackjack.
The following table illustrates the mathematical effect on the house edge of the number of decks, by considering games with various deck counts under the following ruleset: double after split allowed, resplit to four hands allowed, no hitting split aces, no surrendering, double on any two cards, original bets only lost on dealer blackjack, dealer hits soft 17, and cut-card used.
The increase in house edge per unit increase in the number of decks is most dramatic when comparing the single-deck game to the two-deck game, and becomes progressively smaller as more decks are added.
Surrender, for those games that allow it, is usually not permitted against a dealer blackjack; if the dealer's first card is an ace or ten, the hole card is checked to make sure there is no blackjack before surrender is offered.
This rule protocol is consequently known as "late" surrender. The alternative, "early" surrender, gives the player the option to surrender before the dealer checks for blackjack, or in a no hole card game. Early surrender is much more favorable to the player than late surrender.
For late surrender, however, while it is tempting to opt for surrender on any hand which will probably lose, the correct strategy is to only surrender on the very worst hands, because having even a one-in-four chance of winning the full bet is better than losing half the bet and pushing the other half, as entailed by surrendering.
If the cards of a post-split hand have the same value, most games allow the player to split again, or "resplit".
The player places a further wager, and the dealer separates the new pair dealing a further card to each as before. Some games allow unlimited resplitting, while others may limit it to a certain number of hands, such as four hands for example, "resplit to 4".
After splitting aces, the common rule is that only one card will be dealt to each ace; the player cannot split, double, or take another hit on either hand. Rule variants include allowing resplitting aces or allowing the player to hit split aces.
Games allowing aces to be resplit are not uncommon, but those allowing the player to hit split aces are extremely rare. Allowing the player to hit hands resulting from split aces reduces the house edge by about 0. Note that a ten-value card dealt on a split ace or vice versa will not be counted as a blackjack but as a soft After a split, most games allow doubling down on the new two-card hands.
Disallowing doubling after a split increases the house edge by about 0. Under the " Reno rule", doubling down is only permitted on hard totals of 9, 10, or 11 under a similar European rule, only 10 or The basic strategy would otherwise call for some doubling down with hard 9 and soft 13—18, and advanced players can identify situations where doubling on soft 19—20 and hard 8, 7, and even 6 is advantageous.
The Reno rule prevents the player from taking advantage of double-down in these situations and thereby increases the player's expected loss. The Reno rule increases the house edge by around 0.
In most non-U. casinos, a "no hole card" game is played, meaning that the dealer does not draw nor consult their second card until after all players have finished making decisions.
With no hole card, it is rarely the correct basic strategy to double or split against a dealer ten or ace, since a dealer blackjack will result in the loss of the split and double bets; the only exception is with a pair of aces against a dealer 10, where it is still correct to split.
In all other cases, a stand, hit, or surrender is called for. For instance, when holding 11 against a dealer 10, the correct strategy is to double in a hole card game where the player knows the dealer's second card is not an ace , but to hit in a no-hole card game.
The no-hole-card rule adds approximately 0. The "original bets only" rule variation appearing in certain no hole card games states that if the player's hand loses to a dealer blackjack, only the mandatory initial bet "original" is forfeited, and all optional bets, meaning doubles and splits, are pushed.
In many casinos, a blackjack pays only or even instead of the usual This is most common at tables with lower table minimums. Although this payoff was originally limited to single-deck games, it has spread to double-deck and shoe games.
Among common rule variations in the U. Since blackjack occurs in approximately 4. Video blackjack machines generally pay a payout for a blackjack. The rule that bets on tied hands are lost rather than pushed is catastrophic to the player. Though rarely used in standard blackjack, it is sometimes seen in "blackjack-like" games, such as in some charity casinos.
Each blackjack game has a basic strategy, the optimal method of playing any hand. When using basic strategy, the long-term house advantage the expected loss of the player is minimized.
An example of a basic strategy is shown in the table below, which applies to a game with the following specifications: [15].
Most basic strategy decisions are the same for all blackjack games. Rule variations call for changes in only a few situations. For example, to use the table above on a game with the stand-on-soft rule which favors the player, and is typically found only at higher-limit tables today only 6 cells would need to be changed: hit on 11 vs.
A, hit on 15 vs. A, stand on 17 vs. A, stand on A,7 vs. Regardless of the specific rule variations, taking insurance or "even money" is never the correct play under a basic strategy. Estimates of the house edge for blackjack games quoted by casinos and gaming regulators are based on the assumption that the players follow basic strategy.
Most blackjack games have a house edge of between 0. Casino promotions such as complimentary matchplay vouchers or blackjack payouts allow players to acquire an advantage without deviating from basic strategy.
The basic strategy is based on a player's point total and the dealer's visible card. Players can sometimes improve on this decision by considering the composition of their hand, not just the point total. For example, players should ordinarily stand when holding 12 against a dealer 4.
But in a single deck game, players should hit if their 12 consists of a 10 and a 2. The presence of a 10 in the player's hand has two consequences: [17]. Even when basic and composition-dependent strategies lead to different actions, the difference in expected reward is small, and it becomes smaller with more decks.
Using a composition-dependent strategy rather than a basic strategy in a single-deck game reduces the house edge by 4 in 10,, which falls to 3 in , for a six-deck game.
Blackjack has been a high-profile target for advantage players since the s. Advantage play attempts to win more using skills such as memory, computation, and observation.
While these techniques are legal, they can give players a mathematical edge in the game, making advantage players unwanted customers for casinos. Advantage play can lead to ejection or blacklisting. Some advantageous play techniques in blackjack include:.
During the course of a blackjack shoe, the dealer exposes the dealt cards. Players can infer from their accounting of the exposed cards which cards remain. These inferences can be used in the following ways:. A card counting system assigns a point score to each card rank e. When a card is exposed, a counter adds the score of that card to a running total, the 'count'.
A card counter uses this count to make betting and playing decisions. The count starts at 0 for a freshly shuffled deck for "balanced" counting systems.
Unbalanced counts are often started at a value that depends on the number of decks used in the game. Blackjack's house edge is usually around 0. Card counting works best when a few cards remain. This makes single-deck games better for counters. As a result, casinos are more likely to insist that players do not reveal their cards to one another in single-deck games.
In games with more decks, casinos limit penetration by ending the shoe and reshuffling when one or more decks remain undealt.
Casinos also sometimes use a shuffling machine to reintroduce the cards whenever a deck has been played. Sometimes a casino might ban a card counter from the property. The use of external devices to help count cards is illegal throughout the United States.
Another advantage play technique, mainly applicable in multi-deck games, involves tracking groups of cards also known as slugs, clumps, or packs through the shuffle and then playing and betting according to when those cards come into play from a new shoe.
Shuffle tracking requires excellent eyesight and powers of visual estimation but is harder to detect; shuffle trackers' actions are largely unrelated to the composition of the cards in the shoe.
Arnold Snyder's articles in Blackjack Forum magazine brought shuffle tracking to the general public. His book, The Shuffle Tracker's Cookbook , mathematically analyzed the player edge available from shuffle tracking based on the actual size of the tracked slug.
Jerry L. Patterson also developed and published a shuffle-tracking method for tracking favorable clumps of cards and cutting them into play and tracking unfavorable clumps of cards and cutting them out of play.
The player can also gain an advantage by identifying cards from distinctive wear markings on their backs, or by hole carding observing during the dealing process the front of a card dealt face-down.
These methods are generally legal although their status in particular jurisdictions may vary. Many blackjack tables offer side bets on various outcomes including: [28]. The side wager is typically placed in a designated area next to the box for the main wager.
A player wishing to wager on a side bet usually must place a wager on blackjack. Some games require that the blackjack wager should equal or exceed any side bet wager. A non-controlling player of a blackjack hand is usually permitted to place a side bet regardless of whether the controlling player does so.
The house edge for side bets is generally higher than for the blackjack game itself. Nonetheless, side bets can be susceptible to card counting. A side count designed specifically for a particular side bet can improve the player's edge.
Only a few side bets, like "Insurance" and "Lucky Ladies", correlate well with the high-low counting system and offer a sufficient win rate to justify the effort of advantage play. In team play, it is common for team members to be dedicated to only counting a side bet using a specialized count.
Some casinos, as well as general betting outlets, provide blackjack among a selection of casino-style games at electronic consoles. Video blackjack game rules are generally more favorable to the house; e. Video and online blackjack games generally deal each round from a fresh shoe i.
Blackjack is a member of the family of traditional card games played recreationally worldwide. Most of these games have not been adapted for casino play.
Furthermore, the casino game development industry actively produces blackjack variants, most of which are ultimately not adopted by casinos.
The following are the most prominent and established variants in casinos. Examples of local traditional and recreational related games include French vingt-et-un 'twenty-one' and German Siebzehn und Vier 'seventeen and four'.
Neither game allows splitting. An ace counts only eleven, but two aces count as a blackjack. It is mostly played in private circles and barracks. The popular British member of the vingt-un family is called "pontoon", the name being probably a corruption of vingt-et-un. In , professional gamblers worldwide were invited to nominate great blackjack players for admission into the Blackjack Hall of Fame.
Seven members were inducted in , with new people inducted every year after. The Hall of Fame is at the Barona Casino in San Diego. For every additional deck in play, the probability of getting an ace and a picture card for Blackjack decreases, so the house is more likely to win.
Most live dealer casino blackjack variations use up to eight decks, which raises the house edge to 0. Other variations of the basic game have a theoretical return to player RTP of Other Blackjack games incorporate random multipliers, for example Lightning Blackjack and Quantum Blackjack, and whilst this increases the volatility it also raises the RTP.
Most online casinos will carry different Live Dealer Blackjack variants. The number of variations will change between casino sites they have partnered with, as there are some differences in what casino game providers offer.
These are some of the most common basic rules variations of Blackjack you can find at UK live casino tables:. There are lots of different variations of Blackjack at the best UK online casinos like Grosvenor. Some Live BlackJack tables will offer side bets, where you can also bet on a range of conditions as described below.
With these additional wagers you can lose your Blackjack hand but still win your side bets. One of the advantages of playing Blackjack as an online casino game, rather than in a brick and mortar casino, is the exciting new ways to play that are opened up by the online casino software.
Games like Quantum Blackjack use the same random number generators you find in other online games to add additional multipliers to selected cards. This increases the anticipation when the real dealer hands out the physical cards, as if you win with one of these special cards your winnings will be multiplied by up to 10x.
Quantum Blackjack is just one of many new forms of the traditional card game that you can enjoy at a British live casino online. Before you can play Live Blackjack at a UK online casino you will need to make a deposit into your live casino account.
There are many payment methods you can use to transfer money to the best Live Casino sites, and there is normally a minimum deposit of only £10 or £ When you want to withdraw your winnings you normally need to use the same payment method that you used to make a deposit.
eWallets are normally the best way to get a fast payout, once you have confirmed your identity with the live casino. If you claim a live casino bonus remember that you will need to complete the wagering requirements before you can withdraw the winnings from your bonus funds.
If you enjoy playing online Blackjack with a real casino dealer, then you may also like a number of live casino games like Baccarat, Live Roulette, and Craps. We have a complete guide to the best games you can find in British online casinos , and the best bonuses to play these with. Yes, playing Blackjack online is perfectly legal in British online casinos.
All the casinos that made our list are fully licensed by the UK Gambling Commission, making sure they're not only legal but also safe to play. You can play Blackjack at virtually every online casino because it is one of the most popular card games of all time.
Our most recommended UK casino for playing live Blackjack online is Betfred, and you can get a bonus of 5 Golden Chips worth £5 each to play some free hands. You can play classic Blackjack online at a regular casino website against the computer, but the appeal of the live casino game is that the addition of a real dealer gives you a more authentic casino experience, with the same pace and tension of sitting at an actual Blackjack table.
To win Blackjack you need to beat the dealer by getting a score closer to 21 than they do, without your hand going over this number. Different players have different betting strategy, but at the end of the day this is a game based on chance and there is no sure-fire way to win.
Rob McLauchlan is a gambling expert who has spent many years as a professional poker player. Currently, Rob is sports trading with a speciality in betting in-play on Tennis and Football. Rob uses his experience in sports trading and professional poker to research the UK market and find the best value casino bonuses, and free bet offers for BonusFinder.
Fintan Costello is a gambling industry veteran and has held senior leadership positions in numerous gambling companies including PokerStars and PaddyPower. For a number of years Fintan also led the Gambling vertical at Google.
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